下面是范文網(wǎng)小編收集的如何從出題者思路反向分析考生解題技巧3篇(如何分析出題思路)，以供參考。
如何從出題者思路反向分析考生解題技巧1
1、與題干進(jìn)行首次見面
進(jìn)入正式閱讀之前，先對(duì)所有題干問及的內(nèi)容及對(duì)象進(jìn)行粗略掃描，明確問題所指，大腦中應(yīng)快速形成對(duì)題干及選項(xiàng)的初步印象。
例如：In large part as a consequence of the feminist movement, historians have focused a great deal of attention in recent years on determining more accurately the status of women in various periods. Although much has been accomplished for the modern period, pre modern cultures have proved more difficult: sources are restricted in number, fragmentary, difficult to interpret, and often contradictory. Thus it is not particularly surprising that some earlier scholarship concerning such cultures has so far gone unchallenged. An example is Johann Bach-fen’s 1861 treatise on Amazons, women-ruled societies of questionable existence contemporary with ancient Greece.
All of the following are stated by the author as problems connected with the sources for knowledge of pre modern cultures EXCEPT
(A) Partial completeness
(B) Restricted accessibility
(C) Difficulty of interpretation
(D) Limited quantity
(E) Tendency toward contradiction
在讀上述題干時(shí)，我們首先需要明確題目所涉及的核心事物為source與pre modern cultures, 之后通過回歸定位法進(jìn)入第一遍閱讀時(shí)，找到有關(guān)source 與pre modern cultures出現(xiàn)的位置，文章黑斜體出現(xiàn)處，即是source的出現(xiàn)位置，其實(shí)source后面所出現(xiàn)的幾個(gè)特征描述分別是選項(xiàng),A,C,D,E的改寫，接下來利用排除法，我們便能找出B為正確答案。
2、定位TS
不管GRE閱讀文章看起來多么支離破碎，千奇百怪，都會(huì)始終貫穿一個(gè)思想，一條主線，作者往往也會(huì)通過一句話或兩句話的方式闡述其所關(guān)注的焦點(diǎn)及對(duì)象，我們既可以將之稱為文章的中心思想，也可以稱之為TS(主題句)，TS對(duì)于從宏觀角度把握整篇文章的結(jié)構(gòu)以及領(lǐng)會(huì)文章的前后所指起到非常大的作用，抓住了TS句也就找到了文章的主脈絡(luò)。TS的出現(xiàn)位置根據(jù)文章的結(jié)構(gòu)也會(huì)有所不同，但大體上會(huì)出現(xiàn)上三處：文章開頭，文章中間和文章結(jié)尾。
Because of its accuracy in outlining the Earth’s subsurface, the seismic-reflection method remains the most important tool in the search for petroleum reserves. In field practice, a subsurface is mapped by arranging a series of wave-train sources, such as small dynamite explosions, in a grid pattern. As each source is activated, it generates a wave train that moves downward at a speed determined uniquely by the rock’s elastic characteristics. As rock interfaces are crossed, the elastic characteristics encountered generally change abruptly, which causes part of the energy to be reflected back to the surface, where it is recorded by seismic instruments. The seismic records must be processed to correct for positional differences between the source and the receiver, for unrelated wave trains, and for multiple reflections from the rock interfaces. Then the data acquired at each of the specific source locations are combined to generate a physical profile of the subsurface, which can eventually be used to select targets for drilling.
按照文章的結(jié)構(gòu)來分析，全文主要是針對(duì)一個(gè)觀點(diǎn)進(jìn)行論證，作者在文章的第一段的開頭部分就給出明確的結(jié)論，即闡述某一個(gè)觀點(diǎn)，而下文全是對(duì)此觀點(diǎn)做出的解釋說明和論證。黑斜體部分也是這篇短文的中心句，起到統(tǒng)領(lǐng)全文的作用。
3、轉(zhuǎn)折詞位
往往一篇文章中轉(zhuǎn)折詞的前后會(huì)成為閱讀的出題點(diǎn)，這點(diǎn)我們必須時(shí)刻保持注意，轉(zhuǎn)折詞的前后往往闡述的內(nèi)容或是對(duì)比，或是對(duì)立，或是讓步，也或是為了鋪墊和某個(gè)過渡。GRE閱讀篇章中常常出現(xiàn)表示轉(zhuǎn)折語氣的詞語包括：however, nonetheless, nevertheless, indeed, actually, in fact等等，對(duì)于這些詞匯，我們定要時(shí)刻小心，遇到需作一下標(biāo)記，而對(duì)與這些轉(zhuǎn)折詞前后內(nèi)容之間的關(guān)系需要弄清楚。
譬如：
Although much has been accomplished for the modern period, pre modern cultures have proved more difficult: sources are restricted in number, fragmentary, difficult to interpret, and often contradictory. Thus it is not particularly surprising that some earlier scholarship concerning such cultures has so far gone unchallenged. An example is Johann Bach?-fen’s 1861 treatise on Amazons, women-ruled societies of questionable existence contemporary with ancient Greece.
在這段話中，although表示讓步性的轉(zhuǎn)折，理解了這點(diǎn)，我們才能對(duì)現(xiàn)代之前文化資料的特征有所理解。
如何從出題者思路反向分析考生解題技巧2
1. 老GRE真題和新GRE真題比較
老GRE的題目指的是2011.8月份GRE改革之前的老GRE題目。不同與現(xiàn)行的GRE填空題目，老GRE題目只有單空題和雙空題，并且都是五選一。以下就是老GRE題目的樣子：
【單空題】Foucault's rejection of the concept of continuity in Western thought, though radical, was not unique; he had ------- in the United States who, without knowledge of his work, developed parallel ideas.
(A) critics
(B) counterparts
(C) disciples
(D) readers
(E) publishers
【雙空題】In retrospect, Gordon's students appreciated her ----- assignments, realizing that such assignments were specifically designed to ----- original thought rather than to review the content of her course.
(A) didactic.. ingrain
(B) intimidating.. thwart
(C) difficult.. discourage
(D) conventional.. explicate
(E) enigmatic.. stimulate
從概率角度來說，老GRE的填空蒙對(duì)的概率為20%。而新GRE保留了單空題，雙空題和三空題變成了每個(gè)空格獨(dú)立選擇，蒙對(duì)的概率分別變成了1/9 和1/27。 新加的句子等價(jià)題目則是從六個(gè)選項(xiàng)里面選出兩個(gè)，蒙對(duì)的概率變成了1/30。
2. 老GRE題目的來源
老GRE題目主要分為大白本和2000以后的一些機(jī)經(jīng)題目。大白本是老GRE題目的完整收錄，但因?yàn)榕c新gre題型差距較大，因此現(xiàn)在大白本上對(duì)同學(xué)們有價(jià)值的復(fù)習(xí)材料只有填空和閱讀，(我們認(rèn)為在詞匯聯(lián)系上老GRE的反義題目是最佳的練習(xí)材料，我們會(huì)在后續(xù)整理出老GRE的反義題目答案)。北京新東方的老師已經(jīng)將大白本和2000年以后的機(jī)經(jīng)題目進(jìn)行了匯總，編制成了113個(gè)section的GRE填空經(jīng)典真題集，大家只要掃描下面的二維碼，加入我們GRE的微信平臺(tái)，并在平臺(tái)回復(fù)“填空經(jīng)典”，就可以進(jìn)行下載了。因此以后大家不需要再購買大白本，只需要這一個(gè)文件就可以囊括所有的老GRE填空題目。
3. 老GRE填空題目和新GRE填空題目的關(guān)系
我們認(rèn)為，在準(zhǔn)備新GRE考試的時(shí)候，仍然要把老GRE題目一道一道認(rèn)真的做完，主要由以下幾點(diǎn)原因。
第一，GRE當(dāng)前市面?zhèn)淇疾牧陷^少，很多機(jī)構(gòu)的模擬題目看似詞匯很難，其實(shí)和GRE的考試要求相去甚遠(yuǎn)。無論是老GRE題目還是新GRE題目都是出自ETS 的手筆，因此題目的考察點(diǎn)等都是都一脈相承，是最“真”的參考題目。
第二，對(duì)OG題目的分析不難發(fā)現(xiàn)，OG中有約20%的題目直接照搬了老GRE題目的題干，并對(duì)選項(xiàng)進(jìn)行了一定的修訂，因此也證明了GRE題目內(nèi)在的聯(lián)系。
第三，它是對(duì)于ETS如何解讀詞匯的題源和我們能夠參照的最好標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。如新GRE題目中，有一道題目對(duì)于sympathetic這個(gè)詞的考察，原題如下：
【新GRE機(jī)經(jīng)題目】Even though the municipal government was not totally ______ the positive review of the charter, the mayor nevertheless decided to veto the laws.
A. garrulous about
B. enthusiastic about
C. sanguine about
D. approbatory to
E. unsympathetic with
這道題目的答案選擇E unsympathetic， 這道題目考察了sympathetic 這個(gè)詞favorably inclined 的意思。如果同學(xué)們把這個(gè)詞理解為同情的，可能在選擇的時(shí)候就會(huì)出現(xiàn)偏差。但是unsympathetic這個(gè)意思其實(shí)在老GRE的填空題目中已經(jīng)考察過，題目如下：
The characterization of historical analysis as a form of fiction is not likely to be received----by either historians or literary critics, who agree that history and fiction deal with----orders of experience.
(A) quietly.. significant
(B) enthusiastically.. shifting
(C) passively.. unusual
(D) sympathetically.. distinct
(E) contentiously.. realistic
因此，準(zhǔn)確理解老GRE填空每一個(gè)選項(xiàng)的詞匯是絕對(duì)有助于在新GRE中把我考試詞匯的含義的。
第四，老GRE題目還會(huì)不斷地在新GRE考試中重復(fù)出現(xiàn)。我們可以看到，OG中很大一部分題目都是老GRE題目的改編，無論是單空題、雙空題還是六選二題目。只有三空題是全新的。
在新GRE考試中，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)老GRE題目仍然會(huì)重復(fù)出現(xiàn)，如下面的例子。
【2014.4.13】
The science of astronomy was begun by amateurs and today remains dependent on their contributions, which are incisive by virtue of being ------- by the a prior assumption that often vitiate the work of professional research scientists
(A) characterized
(B) unencumbered
(C) supported
(D) contradicted
(E) inspired
【2014.3.29 98年機(jī)經(jīng)題目】
Many of the towns that have voted to keep incinerators in the county’s solid-waste plan have done so not because they necessarily (i)______ incinerators, but because they are (ii)______ to narrow their waste-disposal options.
Blank (i) Blank (ii)
A. question D. planning
B. favor E. eager
C. oppose F. loath
【2014.3.9】
Without seeming unworldly, William James appeared wholly removed from the ______ of society, the conventionality of academe.
(A) ethos
(B) idealism
(C) romance
(D) paradoxes
(E) commonplaces
【2014.3.9】
She is most frugal in matters of business, but in her private life she reveals a streak of ________.
(A) antipathy
(B) misanthropy
(C) virtuosity
(D) equanimity
(E) prodigality
【2014.2.23】For all the scathing precision with which she criticized the social aspirants and moneyed folk, the writer appears to ______ being part of the world she makes seem so ______.
Blank (i) Blank (ii)
A. abhor D. insufferable
B. romance E. unattainable
C. relish F. glamorous
【2013.4.27】Though extremely ______ about his own plans, the man allowed his associates no such privacy and was constantly ______ information about what they intended to do next.
Blank (i) Blank (ii)
A candid D soliciting
B idiosyncratic E altering
C reticent F eschewing
【2013.4.27】The children’s _____ natures were in sharp contrast to the even-tempered dispositions of their parents.
(A) mercurial
(B) blithe
(C) phlegmatic
(D) introverted
(E) artless
(F) inconstant
因此，把老GRE的填空題目熟爛于心，在考場(chǎng)上如果遇到原題或者是原題的改編題目，則可以快速的鎖定答案，以節(jié)省寶貴時(shí)間給其他題目。
如何從出題者思路反向分析考生解題技巧3
GRE句子填空方法第一步：讀題干
此為理解題干內(nèi)容的關(guān)鍵一步，但是考生往往感覺要么必須徹底弄懂句子意思才能做題，要么覺得無法讀懂題干而盲目做答。小編建議：讀題干時(shí)，考生應(yīng)先抓住題目的主干結(jié)構(gòu)，換句話說應(yīng)先弄清楚句子的主語，謂語和賓語成分，而后找出主干以外的修飾成分，譬如定語短語，定語從句，分詞短語，狀語從句及插入語等等。閱讀句子時(shí)可以采用跳躍式的讀題方法，即仍掉那些主干以外的部分，但是對(duì)于雙空格的填空題來說，采用這種方法就未必有效，甚至還會(huì)解題思維造成阻礙，因?yàn)?，雙空格的句子往往一個(gè)句子中可以分成兩個(gè)具有一定邏輯關(guān)系的分句，且兩個(gè)分句或起到承前起后，或起到轉(zhuǎn)折，或起到并列的作用，前程百利建議考生對(duì)于雙空格的考題才取全讀策略，根據(jù)具體語境尋找前后的邏輯關(guān)系。
GRE句子填空方法第二步：分析邏輯關(guān)系
當(dāng)我們順利完成第一步，弄懂句子的主干結(jié)構(gòu)和分隔成分以后，接下來開始對(duì)題干所隱含的邏輯關(guān)系進(jìn)行分析，這是解題的依據(jù)所在，也是決定解題正確與否的關(guān)鍵環(huán)節(jié)。還是讓我們對(duì)例句1從邏輯角度進(jìn)行一下分析。本句中有一個(gè)詞語：vanity(自負(fù)，虛榮)，a critic與he 同指一人，而第二個(gè)空格后面的內(nèi)容work against him：對(duì)他自己產(chǎn)生不利的作用和影響， 顯然vanity 和第二個(gè)空格之間可以建立一種同義聯(lián)系，也就是既然這個(gè)批評(píng)家愛慕虛榮，那么他的行為和言語必然能夠體現(xiàn)出這種虛榮心，所以只能選self-adulation：自吹自擂，正好符合句子的本意。
在實(shí)際考試時(shí)，第一二步可以同時(shí)進(jìn)行，我們基本在能夠推出句子空格處所需填入的詞匯的褒貶色彩以及所要表達(dá)的意義方向以后，便可以進(jìn)行選項(xiàng)的排除及定位。另外，在尋找邏輯關(guān)系時(shí)，前程百利還建議大家在讀句子時(shí)，應(yīng)主動(dòng)去分辨句子當(dāng)中所存在的重復(fù)部分，照應(yīng)結(jié)構(gòu)以及主體詞等等。
GRE句子填空方法第三步：解題
通過對(duì)句子進(jìn)行結(jié)構(gòu)分析并進(jìn)行結(jié)構(gòu)簡化以后，接下來需要做的就是根據(jù)先前確定好的邏輯關(guān)系確定選詞，如果句子所包含的邏輯關(guān)系為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，那基本上雙空格內(nèi)應(yīng)填入的詞匯的關(guān)系為對(duì)立關(guān)系，我們可以視應(yīng)填入的一組詞為反義詞，如果根據(jù)意群，我們透過分析句子的主干部分與主干以外的修飾語成分，得出其中的邏輯關(guān)系為并列關(guān)系，那么我們就可以視應(yīng)填入的兩個(gè)詞之間的關(guān)系為同義關(guān)系，而當(dāng)我們?cè)噲D根據(jù)邏輯關(guān)系無法得出正確選項(xiàng)時(shí)，最后還剩下一個(gè)策略，那就是排除法則，只要確定出一個(gè)空格的詞匯，另外一個(gè)空格的詞匯我們只要將其代入其中即可。
GRE句子填空方法第四步：檢查
當(dāng)我們完成了填空題，最后一個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)就是檢查，通常檢查題目的一個(gè)優(yōu)先策略就是看將選項(xiàng)中的詞匯代入空格中，看句子從意義上是否通順，連貫。如果句子不連貫，那么就說明所選的詞項(xiàng)是錯(cuò)誤的，那么我們就應(yīng)該進(jìn)行二次排除，直到句子通順為止。
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