下面是范文網(wǎng)小編整理的雅思閱讀易犯的4大錯誤解析3篇 雅思閱讀錯3個，以供借鑒。
雅思閱讀易犯的4大錯誤解析1
Any study suggesting a glass or two a day can keep the doctor away is greeted with disproportionate(一邊倒的) enthusiasm by the media and general public. But it is a complex task to determine whether or not alcohol in moderation(適量飲酒)has health benefits.
One of the earlier studies drawing a link between alcohol consumption and health was performed by the late, great Archie Cochrane; the godfather of evidence-based medicine. In 1979, Cochrane and two colleagues tried to work out what exactly was responsible for the differing rates of death from heart diseaseacross 18 developed countries, including the US, UK and Australia. (1979年，Cochrane和兩位同事一起，試圖弄明白到底是什么因素導(dǎo)致心臟病的不同死亡率，他們的研究橫跨18個發(fā)達(dá)國家，包括美國、英國和澳大利亞。)
Their analysis came up with a clear and significant link between increasing alcohol consumption – specifically of wine – and decreasing rates of is chaemic(缺血的) heart disease (heart disease caused by the build-up of fatty deposits[沉淀物] inside the blood vessels[血管] supplying the heart).
Citing earlier studies that had found an association between alcohol consumption and lower rates of deaths from heart attack, Cochrane and colleagues suggested that the aromatic(芳香烴)and other compounds in alcohol – recently hypothesised to be antioxidants(抗氧化物)such as plant-based polyphenols(多酚類)– were likely responsible for the benefits,rather than the alcohol itself.(之前的研究已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)，飲酒與更低的心臟病死亡率之間有某種關(guān)聯(lián)，Cochrane和同事們引用這些研究，指出帶來這些好處的可能是酒精中的芳香烴及其他化合物——最近有人提出，這些化合物是抗氧化物，類似植物中的多酚類——，而不是酒精本身。)In the spirit of evidence-based medicine,they called for an experimental approach to the question.
Plying(提供) experimental subjects with alcohol, while amusing, is unlikely to reveal the kind of chronic disease benefits that alcohol is speculated(假定) to deliver. So instead, much of the research around alcohol and its health costs and benefits has been in the form of long-term,population-based studies.
In 1986,researchers surveyed a group of more than 50,000 male doctors in the US about their drinking and eating habits, their medical history and state of health over two years. They found that the more alcohol the doctors reported drinking, the lower their chance of developing coronary arterydisease(冠心病), despite their dietary habits.
Another large study published in 2000, also in male doctors, found a ‘U’ shaped relationship between moderate alcohol consumption and – in this case – death, rather than coronary artery disease. Subjects who drank one standard drink a day were less likely to die within the 5.5-year-long study than those who drank less than one a week, or those who drank more than one a day.(在這個跨度5.5年的研究中，每天喝一定量酒精的受試者，比起那些一周都喝不到這個量或者每天都超過這個量的相比，死亡的可能性更小些。)
This suggested there was a ‘sweet spot’ for alcohol consumption; a healthy middleground between too little or too much, where the benefit for cardiovascular(心血管的)health balanced the risk of death from all causes.(這表明喝酒有個“甜區(qū)”;一個居于“太少”和“太多”之間的中間位置，這個位置給心血管健康帶來的好處降低了各種死亡的風(fēng)險。)
But was the alcohol itself providing the benefits, or is it just a marker for other healthy behaviours? Are people who drink in moderation also the kind of people who exercise regularly, eat a balanced diet, and generally look after themselves?
In 2005, yet another study in medical professionals – this time 32,000 women and 18,000 men– attempted to answer this question by looking at how their drinking habits affected not only their risk of heart attack, but also their physiology(生理;生理機(jī)能).
The people who drank one to two glasses of alcohol, three to four times a week, had a lower risk of heart attack, which the researchers hypothesised could be due to beneficial effects of alcohol on HDLcholesterol(膽固醇)– the so-called ‘good’ cholesterol – as well as haemoglobin(血色素)A1c(a marker of diabetes risk) and fibrinogen(血纖維蛋白原), an agent that helps the blood to clot.These three factors all play an important role in ‘metabolic syndrome’(代謝綜合癥); the cluster of abnormalities that often heralds(預(yù)告……的到來)cardiovascular disease and diabetes. Other studies have found hints that alcohol might alter the balance of these factors for the better, which pointed to a possible mechanism(機(jī)理;機(jī)制) by which alcohol in moderation could improve health.
Other studies have replicated(復(fù)制)this sweet-spot effect of alcohol for is chaemic stroke (strokes caused by a blood clot in the brain) and death in general. But before you dive out and prescribe yourself a couple of bottles a week – for your health, of course–you might want to read on.
Do abstainers(不飲酒的人)actually have a higher risk of death than people who have one or two alcoholic drinks a day? It isn’t as straightforward as it looks.
In 2006, a team of researchers took a closer look at how these studies were designed.Their meta-analysis(元分析，即對別人的分析進(jìn)行再分析) showed a major flaw in the way drinkers –or rather abstainers – were classified: the abstainers in many of these studies included people who had cut back or stopped drinking because of ill health or old age. This could potentially make non-drinkers look like a far less healthy group than the general population.
Importantly,the studies without this misclassification didn’t find a reduction in heart disease or death among moderate drinkers.
Other researchers have now explored this ‘misclassification hypothesis’ more closely,including a huge UK-based population study published this year.
It showed that when you simply compare alcohol consumption and health outcomes, you find a clear beneficial effect of moderate alcohol consumption. But if you take former drinkers out of the abstainers group, then the benefits don’t look so rosy – in fact, they all but disappear.
Meanwhile,another team of researchers studied people whose bodies cannot process alcohol properly – and therefore who generally don’t drink alcohol at all – and found those with this genetic marker had better cardiovascular health and a lower risk of coronary heart disease than those without it.(與此同時，另一個研究隊(duì)伍考察了那些身體不能處理酒精—因此根本就不能喝酒—的人，他們發(fā)現(xiàn)，有這種基因特征的人與沒有這種特征的人相比，心血管更健康，患冠心病的風(fēng)險也低一些。)
And then there’s the really bad news. Whatever the effects that alcohol does or doesn’t have on your heart disease risk, it can still hasten your death in a myriad of(各種各樣的)other colourful ways.
The World Health Organization reported last year that drinking can increase your risk of depression and anxiety, liver cirrhosis(肝硬化), pancreatitis(胰腺炎), suicide, violence, and accidental injury.
Alcohol is also linked to cancer of the mouth, nose, larynx, oesophagus, colon, liver, andbreast cancer in women. Between 4% and 30% of cancer deaths worldwide could be attributed to alcohol use (for breast cancer, the most common, the figure was8%). Importantly, even moderate drinking confers(給與)some increased risk: just one glass a day increases the risk of breast cancer by 4%, while heavy drinking can increase the risk by 40-50%.
Heavy drinking weakens the immune system(免疫系統(tǒng))and is therefore linked with pneumonia(肺炎) and tuberculosis(結(jié)核). It also encourages risky sexual behaviour which increases the chance of acquiring sexually transmitted infections such as HIV.And drinking during pregnancy can cause damage to the foetus, leading to Foetal Alcohol Syndrome.
In total,there are more than 200 diseases and injuries that can be linked to alcohol consumption, including 30 that are caused only by alcohol.
But the idea that moderate alcohol consumption might be beneficial has not entirely gone away, and even organisations dedicated to combating the problem of alcohol grudgingly(不情愿地)say that small amounts of alcohol may have a protective effect against heart disease and some types of stroke.(然而，適度飲酒對身體有好處的觀點(diǎn)并未完全消失，即使是那些致力于解決酒精問題的組織也心不甘情不愿地認(rèn)為，少量飲酒對心臟病和其他類型的中風(fēng)具有保護(hù)作用。)
Confused?You’re not the only one. Perhaps the best summation(概括)of how alcohol affects our health comes from a critical analysis published in early 2013. Its author concluded that, while the evidence of alcohol’s harmful effects was solid, there were plenty of reasons to take evidence of alcohol’s health benefits with agrain of salt(一粒鹽;打折扣)– but not,perhaps, a slice of lemon(一片檸檬;舒服愜意).
Vocabulary
Disproportionate 一邊倒的;不成比例的
Alcohol inmoderation 適度飲酒
Deposit 沉淀物
Blood vessel 血管
Ply sb. with… 給某人提供……
Speculate 假想;假設(shè)
Coronary arterydisease 冠心病
Physiology 生理機(jī)能
Herald 預(yù)示……的到來
Mechanism 機(jī)制
Replicate 復(fù)制
Abstainer 不喝酒的人
Meta-analysis 元分析
A myriad of 各種各樣的
Confer 給與
Immune system 免疫系統(tǒng)
Pneumonia 肺炎
Tuberculosis 肺結(jié)核
Grudgingly 不情愿地
Summation 總結(jié)
A grain of salt 一粒鹽;打折扣
雅思閱讀易犯的4大錯誤解析
雅思閱讀易犯的4大錯誤解析2
三篇文章難度設(shè)置
首先，雅思三篇文章的難度是不一樣的。
通常來講三篇文章的難度是逐漸遞增的。也就是說，第一篇文章的難度是最低的。所以，在第一篇閱讀文章就望而卻步的寶寶們，大家的路還很長啊……
第一篇文章用時多久才恰當(dāng)?
這個問題比較因人而異。平均來說雅思每篇閱讀文章的時間分配都應(yīng)該是20分鐘。因此在做第一篇閱讀時如果只是過去了15分鐘，那么建議大家還是把第一篇文章先搞定，心理上輕裝上陣攻克下面兩篇。
如果時間已經(jīng)過去20分鐘以上，你還是有幾道題找不到答案，這個時候就建議大家學(xué)會取舍，先完成后面的文章與題目，再回頭來確定難點(diǎn)題目的答案。
閱讀題目設(shè)置與文章形式相關(guān)嗎?
大家在做閱讀時要了解的一個小竅門，文章的類型與后面匹配的題目是有相關(guān)性的。
以第一篇文章為例，大家會發(fā)現(xiàn)文章類型大多是事實(shí)描述的說明文，比如介紹某項(xiàng)事物的歷史、用途、特點(diǎn)等等，相對來說觀點(diǎn)類論述會比較少。因此，第一篇文章的題目類型會側(cè)重在你對 factual information，也就是客觀事實(shí)的把控能力上。
在第一篇文章后你經(jīng)常見到的題型是：short answer類; table completion類或者T/F/NG類。
第二篇文章的題型設(shè)置通常會考察一下你的綜合概括能力，比如 matching headings類;listing of headings類。當(dāng)然，這種heading類題型是設(shè)置在文章之前的，直接告訴你閱讀時概括理解是重點(diǎn)。
難度最高的第三篇文章中會出現(xiàn)很多的argument觀點(diǎn)論據(jù)等等。文中可能會出現(xiàn)很多人對于某一事物或者理論的看法，支持與反對的意見交織在文中。不僅如此，這篇文章的長度通常是最長的，題目設(shè)置量也是最多的。因此第三篇文章后的題目設(shè)置類型經(jīng)常會出現(xiàn)：multiple choice類;Y/N/NG類。
細(xì)心的同學(xué)們發(fā)現(xiàn)了吧，第一篇文章的判斷題通常設(shè)置為T/F, 第三篇文章則為Y/N。這兩種題型可不是考官隨心所欲的任性產(chǎn)物。一般來說T/F問法的題目設(shè)置大多為事實(shí)以及細(xì)節(jié)判斷，因此常見于第一篇閱讀。而需要判斷Y/N的題目大多是觀點(diǎn)或態(tài)度等主觀層面的論述。出現(xiàn)在第三篇文章后就不奇怪啦。
雅思閱讀易犯的4大錯誤解析3
一、不看題目要求粗心大意
其實(shí)雅思閱讀對于聰明的中國人來說，許多時候雅思閱讀的題目要求都可以給我們許多的暗示，例如題目中有NB這樣的字眼，有些備選項(xiàng)會被用上2次，這無疑是出題者給我們無聲的暗示。還有對于一些notes/diagram/sentence completion的題目，一定要看清字?jǐn)?shù)要求，要不就會出力不討好了。還有些題干上會標(biāo)明考查段落，千萬不要不看題干，回原文通篇瘋狂地尋找，既耽誤了時間，又降低了正確率。
二、陷入生詞困擾
大多數(shù)的閱讀段落首句都是主題句，呈現(xiàn)出總分雅思閱讀材料結(jié)構(gòu)的特征，接下來的支持具層層展開，保持著與主題句的線性支持關(guān)系，這樣一來，閱讀一段文章時，思路只要按照首句的方向展開即可，如果第二句和第三句與首句保持一致，那么首句就是段落的主題句，除非中間出現(xiàn)了大的轉(zhuǎn)折或者對比，改變了方向。而如果首 句是主題句，學(xué)習(xí)雅思復(fù)習(xí)書籍。那么首句的方向就是整個段落的方向，因此，在閱讀過程中只要把握“主題”和“方向”，以及維持或改變方向的“關(guān)系詞”，就能理解主旨，而段落中的生詞變得毫無意義。當(dāng)然詞匯對于閱讀有致命的影響，我們鼓勵烤鴨們用技巧和方法的同時，提高詞匯是解決英語閱讀的根本長期問題。
三、指讀和回讀的不良習(xí)慣
指讀，顧名思義，用手指或者筆邊指邊讀的習(xí)慣說明是在以“詞”為單位閱讀。以一篇劍橋七中的雅思文章為例，文章篇幅A4紙正反面，字?jǐn)?shù)在 1300字左右，如果word by word，一是時間緊迫，無法在考試規(guī)定時間完成題目;二是容易斷章取義，失去了對文章整體感的把握。
回讀就是一段話，一遍不行兩遍，兩遍不行三遍，直到自以為讀懂為止，這是典型的以“句子”為單位閱讀的特征，因?yàn)樽x者雖然有可能最終讀懂每一句話，但是卻不可能有效區(qū)分主題句和支持句，導(dǎo)致其不可能掌握段落主旨。從心理學(xué)角度講，這是不自信和不放心的表現(xiàn)，擔(dān)心自己有內(nèi)容遺漏，一而再再而三地 讀，其實(shí)掌握了雅思文章出題的思路，熟悉西方人表達(dá)上的思維模式，例如開門見山式，重要信息前置等原則，就可以大膽的在閱讀時有“舍”有“得”。
四、糾結(jié)于長句
面對少則二行，雅思閱讀多則四行左右的雅思閱讀中的長難句，許多考生苦不堪言。究竟要怎么閱讀才能事半功倍呢這里提出“撥筍理論”，將繁瑣冗長的句子去除從句，修飾詞，層層剝離，找出最重要的核心意思。Eg, Port cities become industrial, financial and service centers and political capitals because of their water connections and the urban concentration which arises there and later draws to it railways, highways and air routes. 請大家“剝?nèi)ァ币恍┘?xì)節(jié)和次重點(diǎn)的修飾詞，然后注意句子邏輯，找最核心的句意，快速閱讀，你只需知道port cities become centers and capitals because of water and urban concentration. 這樣既不會遺漏重要情節(jié)，又可以養(yǎng)成考場上答題時快、準(zhǔn)、狠的特點(diǎn)。
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