下面是范文網(wǎng)小編收集的托福聽力高效備考該用哪本教材3篇 備考托福聽力用什么書，供大家賞析。
托福聽力高效備考該用哪本教材1
Just like humans have to learn to talk, songbirds aren't just born singing—they have to learn to carry a tune. "So in the beginning they just babble." Raissa de Boer, a behavioral ecologist at the University of Antwerp in Belgium. "And they learn from a tutor, so they need an example song in order to learn it."
She says the example song might come from the chick's father. And over time, the baby bird tweaks that tweet, to make it its own. "And then it takes almost a year until they're fully adult, until the next spring, for the final song to come out."
De Boer and her colleagues investigated that song-learning process in canaries, using two groups of baby birds: the first consisted of inbred birds, whose parents were siblings; the second had parents that were unrelated. And the researchers found that the songs of inbred birds and those of the other, outbred birds sound... pretty similar to the human ear. "I cannot tell the difference."
But computer analysis revealed that the inbred birds sang notes at slightly different pitches—and with tones that were not quite as pure. "So basically they sang out of tune, in comparison to outbred birds." The results appear in the Proceedings of the Royal Society B.
And even though our untrained ears have a hard time telling the tones apart, female canaries seemed to notice. They tended to lay smaller eggs, and fewer of them, when they mated with inbred birds as opposed to the better songsters. Suggesting that the quality of a songbird's genes may be revealed in its tunes.
就像人類要學習說話一樣，鳴禽也不是天生就會唱歌，它們也要學習唱歌不走調(diào)?！耙婚_始它們只是呀呀學語。”蕾伊莎·德·波爾是比利時安特衛(wèi)普大學行耿生態(tài)學家。她說，“它們跟隨導師學習，所以它們在學習時需要一首典型歌曲?！?/p>
她表示，典型歌曲可能來自于雛鳥的父親。隨著時間的推移，雛鳥不斷調(diào)整這種叫聲，然后演變成它自己的叫聲。“大概需要一年的時間，到雛鳥成年、到下一個春天來臨的時候，最終的歌曲才會成形。”
德·波爾和她的同事用兩組雛鳥對金絲雀學習歌曲的過程進行了研究：第一組是近親繁殖生出的雛鳥，它們的父母是兄弟姐妹;第二組雛鳥的父母則沒有任何關(guān)系。研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，人耳聽起來，近親繁殖鳥兒和非近親繁殖鳥兒的歌聲非常類似?！拔也荒芊直鎯烧叩膮^(qū)別?！?/p>
但是電腦分析顯示，近親生鳥兒唱出的歌曲音高不同，而且音調(diào)也不太純。“所以基本上來說，與非近親生鳥兒相比，近親生鳥兒其實是跑調(diào)的。”這一研究結(jié)果發(fā)表在《皇家學會學報B》上。
雖然我們?nèi)祟愇唇?jīng)訓練的耳朵很難區(qū)分這兩種音調(diào)，但是看起來雌性金絲雀卻能注意到兩者的區(qū)別。當雌性金絲雀同近親交配，而不是與更好的鳴禽交配時，它們產(chǎn)下的蛋個頭較小，而且數(shù)量也會減少。這表明鳴禽的基因質(zhì)量可能會顯示在它們的歌聲中。
重點講解：
1. in order to 為了;以便;目的在于;
例句：They did this in order to head off the crisis.
他們這樣做以防止發(fā)生危機。
2. consist of 由…組成;由…構(gòu)成;
例句：A molecule of water consists of two atoms of hydrogen and one atom of oxygen.
水分子含有兩個氫原子和一個氧原子。
3. in comparison to 與…相比;與…比較而言;
例句：In comparison to city life, life in the country is quiet and peaceful.
同城市生活相比，鄉(xiāng)村生活既和平又寧靜。
4. tell apart 區(qū)分;區(qū)別;辨別;
例句：Perhaps it is the almost universal use of flavourings that makes it so hard to tell the products apart.
或許是因為調(diào)料的使用幾乎千篇一律才使得那些產(chǎn)品難以區(qū)分開。
5. as opposed to 而不是;
例句：Permission to be employed in this manner is issued to an individual, as opposed to an employer.
這種形式的工作許可是簽發(fā)給申請人個人的，而不是給雇主的。
托福聽力高效備考該用哪本教材2
Are you afraid of sharks? What about snakes or spiders? Put those fears aside: because in the U.S. you're far more likely to be killed or injured by a deer bounding across the road.
Bambi and his kind cause more 200 humans deaths each year, plus some 29,000 injuries, all because of 1.2 million collisions between vehicles and deer. Most incidents occur in the eastern U.S., where deer thrive without natural predators like wolves and mountain lions.
"That's the region in the U.S. where deer-vehicle collisions are such a problem, and where it seems like an effective large carnivore restoration could make a really big difference."
University of Washington wildlife biologist Laura Prugh. She thinks it would help to reintroduce predators like mountain lions, also known as cougars, pumas or panthers, to parts of their historic range from which they've been driven out.
Crunching the numbers, the researchers say that bringing the big cats back to the eastern U.S. would mean 22 percent fewer collisions between cars and deer over three decades. Each year would see five fewer human deaths, 680 fewer injuries and a savings of some $50 million.
"Cougars have shown that they can coexist in close proximity with people, with very few conflicts, in a lot of areas out west."
Still, some folks might be understandably nervous about this kind of plan. After all, reintroducing predators doesn't come without risks to pets and to livestock, and very occasionally to people.
"Our fear of large carnivores is so primal and ingrained that I don't think it's possible to just completely override it with statistics…what I hope is that knowing that there actually can be some measurable benefits might make people a little more favorably inclined and maybe balance that fear a little bit."
Indeed, the statistics show that cougars would prevent five times as many human deaths from deer-related accidents as they would cause by attacks. But it'll be a tough sell: the press will cover cougar attacks, but a statistically prevented death does not make the news. Nevertheless, "If people in Hollywood can put up with having mountain lions around, I would hope that New Yorkers would be up for the challenge as well."
你害怕鯊魚嗎?你害怕蛇或蜘蛛嗎?先把這些恐懼放到一邊：因為在美國，你更可能因為馬路上亂跑的鹿而受傷或者喪命。
鹿每年都會導致200多人喪命，約2.9萬人受傷，這是因為機動車輛和小鹿發(fā)生了120萬次碰撞。大多數(shù)事故發(fā)生在美國東部地區(qū)，由于鹿在這里沒有狼、美洲獅等天敵，所以導致鹿群數(shù)量猛增。
“在美國的這一地區(qū)，小鹿和機動車發(fā)生碰撞是個嚴重的問題，似乎大型食肉動物族群的恢復可以產(chǎn)生巨大的影響?！?/p>
勞拉·普魯夫是華盛頓大學的野生動物學家。她認為將之前被驅(qū)逐的美洲獅引入會有幫助。
來研究一下數(shù)字，研究人員表示，將這種大型貓科動物引入美國東部地區(qū)，這意味著在未來30余年，鹿和車輛發(fā)生的碰撞事件將會減少22%。每年的死亡人數(shù)將減少5人，受傷人數(shù)將減少680人，同時將節(jié)省5千萬美元。
“研究表明，在西部很多地區(qū)，美洲獅可以與人類近距離共存，產(chǎn)生沖突的次數(shù)極少?！?/p>
但是，可能仍有人對這一計劃感到擔心，這也是可以理解的。畢竟，重新引入捕食者會給寵物、牲畜帶來威脅，而且偶爾也可能會給人類帶來不利。
“我們對大型食肉動物的恐懼是非常原始、根深蒂固的，因此我認為，不能僅僅依靠數(shù)據(jù)就完全將這種恐懼置之不理，我希望可以有明顯的益處讓人們贊同或平衡對此計劃的抵觸情緒?！?/p>
實際上，數(shù)據(jù)表明，與美洲獅襲擊人類造成的死亡人數(shù)相比，引入美洲獅可以使因鹿導致的車禍死亡人數(shù)減少5倍。但這將是一項艱巨的任務(wù)：媒體仍會報道美洲獅襲擊事件，但是卻不會報道引入美洲獅可以避免人員傷亡的新聞。盡管如此，“如果好萊塢的人們可以忍受美洲獅的存在，那么我希望紐約的人們也可以勇敢面對這個挑戰(zhàn)?！?/p>
重點講解：
1. put aside 把…放在一邊;忘記;不考慮;
例句：He put aside his work to spend more time with his son.
他把工作暫時擱下以便有更多時間陪兒子。
2. be likely to do sth. 可能(做…)的;有(…)傾向的;
例句：If you throw yourself at the girl, she's likely to run away.
如果你拼命討好這位姑娘，她可能被嚇跑。
3. after all 畢竟;終究;
例句：After all, he has had a good long innings.
他畢竟有一段很長的得意時期。
4. put up with 忍受;容忍;
例句：I can't put up with your hypocricy any more.
我再也不能容忍你的虛偽態(tài)度了。
托福聽力高效備考該用哪本教材3
聽力材料語速要略快于自身習慣和考試速度
托福聽力教材挑選首要一點就是材料中的語速要盡量比自身習慣的聽力語速和考試的實際速度略快一點。為什么要這樣?道理很簡單，如果你平時都泛聽語速快的材料，那么上了考場在心情比較緊張的情況下，你也不會覺得考試的材料語速很快。就如同舉重運動員平時訓練時，基本都會舉起比真正比賽時更重的重量。這種提前做好準備的訓練方法是很有實戰(zhàn)應(yīng)試意義的。
聽力材料難度要略高于當前水平和官方材料
托福聽力教材挑選時需要注意的第二點就是適當挑戰(zhàn)自我。比如，平時泛聽的材料里可以盡量使用一些含有更多聽不出不認識的生詞，更多不熟悉的話題場景，更多復雜的句型結(jié)構(gòu)。這樣做的目的和第一點類似，就是平時對自己要求高一些，考場上就會輕松許多。電影電視方面，什么樣題材符合這點呢?比如法律、政治題材，都有這個特點。政客律師說話，邏輯性強，用詞復雜，比較難懂，語速還快。這樣適當提升難度的教材對提升大家聽力水平是很有幫助的。
聽力材料發(fā)音要適合自身參加的考試
這一點說白了就是希望大家盡量挑一些帶有美式英語口音的教材。托福雖然適用面廣泛，但大部分時候其中包含的聽力內(nèi)容都是帶有美式英語口音的。如果考生平時說的聽的都是英式口音，那么很容易在考試時出現(xiàn)水土不服的問題，這就很容易影響考場發(fā)揮了。因此小編建議大家早做準備，盡量在備考中就開始接觸一下美式口音的聽力教材，為實戰(zhàn)提前做好準備。
影視類聽力材料一定要選對白多的
這一點也很好理解，考生在挑選聽力備考教材時，可能經(jīng)常會有一些類似寓教于樂的想法。想要放松沒關(guān)系，但畢竟是為了訓練聽力，如果挑的都是一些基本沒幾句對白的大場面動作片那就主次顛倒了。所以如果真的是想要通過電影電視來訓練托福聽力，大家還是應(yīng)該挑選一些具有更多對白的內(nèi)容為佳。
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